![]() During this process, the light is coupled into a closed ring of four mirrors so that a high optical power is circulating within the ring. For this wavelength, researchers developed a long-wave infrared laser that can be frequency-doubled twice in succession. This clock requires two UV lasers at 267 nm. This problem concerns the transportable aluminum clock being developed at the QUEST Institute. They must painstakingly be readjusted-which leads to a loss of valuable research time. This is why optical structures that have worked perfectly well in the laboratory may initially be unusable at the destination. Furthermore, significant shocks may occur during transportation. Their operation outside a protected laboratory, however, involves many challenges: The ambient temperature, for example, is much less stable. ![]() PTB is currently developing several types of atomic clock that can each be transported in a trailer or in a container. One of the prerequisites for this is that the optical frequencies of the two clocks can be compared. This so-called chronometric levelling represents an important application of clocks in geodesy. What initially sounds bizarre has quite practical effects: Two optical atomic clocks with an extremely small relative measurement uncertainty of 10 -18 can measure the difference in height between arbitrary points on the Earth at an accuracy of just one centimeter. It was Einstein who determined that two clocks located at two different positions in the gravitational field of the Earth operate at different speeds.
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